2012-06-27 来源:爱思唯尔
《内科学文献》6月25日发表的一项Meta分析显示,他汀类药物用于女性二级预防某些心血管事件的效果较好,但预防卒中和全因死亡的效果并不优于安慰剂(Arch.Intern.Med.2012;172:909-19)。
由于有临床研究在心血管疾病男性和女性患者中观察到的他汀类疗效不一致,因此纽约哥伦比亚大学神经学研究所的JoseGutierrez博士及其同事希望通过Meta分析来弄清这一问题。该分析纳入符合以下标准的临床研究:采用随机化和双盲设计;对他汀类药物治疗与安慰剂进行比较而非与常规治疗或其他治疗进行比较;样本量至少为100例患者;随访时间至少为16周。最终共纳入11项研究,总样本量为43,191例患者。不过,仅20%的患者为女性。所研究的药物包括洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、氟伐他汀和阿托伐他汀。
在总研究人群中,他汀类药物能够有效预防任何心血管事件、全因死亡、冠状动脉死亡、任何心肌梗死(MI)、心脏介入治疗和任何类型卒中。根据性别对数据进行分层后发现,服用他汀类药物的男性患者的上述获益仍显著大于服用安慰剂的男性患者。服用他汀类药物的女性患者发生冠状动脉死亡、任何MI和需行冠状动脉介入治疗的风险显著低于服用安慰剂的女性患者,但前者的全因死亡和卒中风险并不显著低于后者。对随访时间最短者、年龄最大者或仅服用亲水性他汀类药物(相对亲脂性他汀类药物)者进行敏感性分析,仍观察到上述结果。
尚不清楚为什么男性与女性的治疗效果存在差异,一个原因可能是女性样本量小而不足以检出女性患者中的显著差异,研究者认为这是该Meta分析的主要局限性。其他原因可能在于这些研究所入选的女性患者的心血管风险较高,以及抗血小板药物的使用率较低。此外,性别之间的生物学差异,以及卫生保健和生物医学研究中的性别特异性差异可能也是原因所在。
该分析强调了他汀类药物的治疗效果存在性别差异。总体而言,分析结果支持在女性和男性中使用他汀类药物进行某些心血管事件的二级预防。
在随刊述评中,伦敦卫生与热带医学院的FionaTaylor博士和ShahEbrahim博士指出,该Meta分析的局限性不仅在于女性样本量较少,还在于纳入研究的标准较为严格。鉴于其他一些标准较宽松且纳入更多研究的Meta分析发现他汀类药物预防卒中和全因死亡的效果并无性别差异,因此Gutierrez等人可能排除了一些具有相关数据的研究。他们强调,不应当纠结于女性结果是否缺乏统计学意义,真正的议题在于女性中的效应大小是否与男性存在实质性差别。对不准确估计的效应的过度解读是Meta分析中的严重问题,Taylor博士和Ebrahim博士均认为,他汀类药物对女性的疗效如对男性的疗效一样,并无性别差异。
研究者、Taylor博士和Ebrahim博士均声明无经济利益冲突。
BYMARYANNMOON
ElsevierGlobalMedicalNews
BreakingNews
Statinsarebeneficialinwomenforthesecondarypreventionofsomecardiovascularevents,buttheydon’tappeartobeanybetterthanplaceboatpreventingstrokeorall-causemortality,accordingtoameta-analysisreportedintheJune25issueofArchivesofInternalMedicine.
Thesefindings,fromastudyof11randomized,placebo-controlledclinicaltrials,underscorethedifferencesbetweenmenandwomeninthebenefitsconferredbystatintherapy,saidDr.JoseGutierrezoftheNeurologicalInstitute,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,andhisassociates.
Clinicaltrialshaveyieldedconflictingresultsconcerningthebenefitofstatinsinwomenknowntohavecardiovasculardisease,comparedwiththoseinmen.Dr.Gutierrezandhiscolleagueshopedtoclarifythequestionbyrestrictingtheirmeta-analysistoclinicaltrialsthatusedrandomizationanddouble-blinding;comparedstatintherapywithplaceboratherthanusualcareorothertreatments;includedsamplesofatleast100subjects;andhadfollow-upofatleast16weeks.
The11studiestheyreviewedhadapooledsamplesizeof43,191subjects.Evenso,only20%ofthesubjectswerewomen.
Thedrugsthatwerestudiedincludedlovastatin,simvastatin,pravastatin,fluvastatin,andatorvastatin.
Intheoverallstudypopulation,statinswereeffectiveatpreventinganycardiovascularevent,all-causemortality,coronarydeath,anymyocardialinfarction,cardiacintervention,andanytypeofstroke.Whenthedatawerestratifiedbysex,allofthesebenefitsremainedsignificantformentakingstatinscomparedwithmentakingplacebo.
However,womentakingstatinsdidnothavesignificantlylowerriskthanwomentakingplaceboforall-causemortalityorstroke.Theydidhavesignificantlylowerriskforcoronarydeath,anyMI,andcoronaryinterventions,theinvestigatorssaid(Arch.Intern.Med.2012;172:909-19).
Theseresultsdidnotchangeinseveralsensitivityanalyses,suchaswhentheanalysiswasrestrictedtosubjectswiththeshortestfollow-up,theoldestsubjects,orsubjectstakingonlyhydrophilicstatinsasopposedtolipophilicstatins.
Thereasonforthisdiscrepancybetweenmenandwomenisuncertain.“Onepossibilityisthatthesmallsamplesizeofwomen”–whichtheycharacterizedas“amajorlimitation”oftheirmeta-analysis–limitedthepowerofthestudytodetectsignificantdifferencesinwomen,theresearchersnoted.
“Inaddition,itispossiblethattheworsecardiovascularprofileofwomenenrolledinstudies,aswellasthelowerproportionofantiplateletagentuse,couldaccountforsomeofthesedifferences,”theywrote.Biologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexeslikelyplayaroleaswell,asdosex-specificdisparitiesinhealthcareandinbiomedicalresearch,theyadded.
Overall,thestudyfindingssupporttheuseofstatinsinwomenasinmenforthesecondarypreventionofsomecardiovascularevents,Dr.Gutierrezandhisassociatessaid.
Noconflictsofinterestwerereported.
StatinsWorkasWellinWomenasinMen
Inaninvitedcommentaryaccompanyingthereport,FionaTaylor,Ph.D.,andShahEbrahim,D.M.,wrotethat“thismeta-analysisislimitednotjustbythesmallproportionofwomensubjectsacknowledgedbytheauthors,butalsobythestrictinclusioncriteriathatstudieshadtomeettobeusedinthepooledanalysis”(Arch.Intern.Med.2012;172:919-20).
“ItislikelythatGutierrezetal.excludedsomestudieswithrelevantdata,sinceseveralothermeta-analysesthathadmoreinclusivecriteria(andpooledmanymorethan11studies)havereportedthatstatinsyieldsimilarbenefitsinmenandwomenforstrokeandall-causemortality,”saidDr.TaylorandDr.Ebrahim,whoareinthedepartmentofnoncommunicablediseaseepidemiologyandtheCochraneHeartGroupattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.
“Focusingonalackofstatisticalsignificanceinthefindingsforwomenismisleading.Therealissueisnotsignificancebutwhethertheeffectsizeinwomenismateriallydifferentfromtheeffectsizeinmen.Overinterpretationofimpreciselyestimatedeffectsisaseriousprobleminmeta-analysis,”theynoted.
“Wesuggestthatstatinsworkjustaswellinwomenasinmen.”
Dr.TaylorandDr.Ebrahimreportednofinancialconflictsofinterest.
(责任编辑:赖静妮)